JNCR

The mission of the journal is to contribute to the development of nursing science and care practices in Turkey and internationally. It is also to promote and disseminate new knowledge and research data for evidence-based care practices at all levels of nursing services. The Journal of Nursing Care Research deals with Fundamentals of Nursing, Internal Medicine Nursing, Surgical Nursing, Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Mental Health and Diseases Nursing, Public Health Nursing and Management in Nursing and accepts articles on these topics.

Index
Original Article
Examining the knowledge of nurses regarding pupil assessment
Aims: This study was conducted to examine the knowledge of nurses regarding pupil assessment.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire distributed via a virtual snowball sampling method. The study was conducted with 114 nurses who voluntarily agreed to participate between September 1 and December 1, 2023. Descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis. The study was reported in accordance with the STROBE guidelines.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.46±5.89 years; 73.7% were female and 74.6% had a bachelor’s degree. Of the nurses, 67.5% had between 1 and 5 years of professional experience, and 44.7% were working in an intensive care unit. A total of 51.8% of the participants reported having received training related to pupil assessment. The mean score obtained from the pupil assessment knowledge form was 17.94±4.91.
Conclusion: Nurses' knowledge levels regarding pupil assessment were found to be at a moderate level. Including practical, topic-specific content in training programs may contribute to clinical decision-making processes and enhance patient safety.


Anderson, M., Elmer, J., Shutter, L., Puccio, A., Alexander, S. (2018). Integrating quantitative pupillometry into regular care in a neurotrauma intensive care unit. J Neurosci Nurs, 50(1), 30-36. doi:10.1097/JNN. 0000000000000333
Bae, K.S., Roh, Y.S. (2019). Training needs analysis of Korean nurses’ neurological assessment competency. Nursing & health sciences,22(1), 99-107. doi:10.1111/nhs.12654
Berk, A. T., & Yaman, A. (2007). Çocuklarda nöro-oftalmolojik değerlendirme. Türk Oftalmoloji Dergisi, 37(4), 243-249.
Bergamin, O., Schoetzau, A., Sugimoto, K., Zulauf, M. (1998). The influence of iris color on the pupillary light reflex. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 236(8), 567-570. doi:10.1007/s004170050122
Chan, M.F., Mattar, I., Taylor, B.J. (2013). Investigating factors that have an impact on nurses’ performance of patients’ conscious level assessment: a systematic review. J Nurs Management, 21(1), 31-46. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01344.x
Dumurgier, J., Tzourio, C. (2020). Epidemiology of neurological diseases in older adults. Revue Neurologique, 176(9), 642-648. doi:10.1016/j.neurol. 2020.01.356
Guillon, M., Dumbleton, K., Theodoratos, P., Gobbe, M., Wooley, C.B., Moody, K. (2016). The effects of age, refractive status, and luminance on pupil size. Optometry and Vision Science, 93(9), 1093-1100. doi:10.1097/OPX.0000000000000893
Kebapçı, A., Topçu, S. (2020). Interrater reliability in pupillary assessment among intensive care nurses. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. 58, 102801. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102801
Kerr, R., Bacon, A., Baker, L., Gehrke, J., Hahn, K., Lillegraven, C., ... & Spilman, S. (2016). Underestimation of pupil size by critical care and neurosurgical nurses. Am J Crit Care, 25(3), 213-219. doi:10.4037/ajcc 2016554
Kline, L. B., & Bajandas, F. J. (2012). Neuro-ophthalmology: a symptomatic approach (3rd ed.). Elsevier.
Knaggs, R.D., Crighton, I.M., Cobby, T., Fletcher, A.J.P., Hobbs, G.J. (2004). The pupillary effects of intravenous morphine, codeine, and tramadol in volunteers. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 99(1), 108-112. doi:10. 1213/01.ANE.0000116924.16535.BA
Kotani, J., Nakao, N., Yamada, I., Miyawaki, A., Mambo, N., Ono, Y. (2021). A novel method for measuring the pupil diameter and pupillary light reflex of healthy volunteers and patients with intracranial lesions using a newly developed pupilometer. Front Med, 8, 598791. doi:10.389/fmed.2021.598791
Kramer, C., Rabinstein, A., Wijdicks, E., Hocker, S. (2014). Neurologist versus machine: is the pupillometer better than the naked eye in detecting pupillary reactivity? Neurocritical Care, 21, 309-311. doi:10.1007/s12028-014-9988-5
Larson, M., Behrends, M. (2015). Portable infrared pupillometry: a review. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 120(6), 1242-1253. doi:10.1213/ANE. 0000000000000314
Mehta, R., Chinthapalli, K. (2019). Glasgow Coma Scale explained. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 365, l1296. doi:10.1136/bmj.l1296
Memetoğlu, M. (2022). Gözler beynin aynasıdır: pupilometri ve psikolojideki uygulamaları. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi, 5 (10), 101-108.
Omburo, L., Stutzman, S., Supnet, C., Choate, M., Olson, D. (2017). High variance in pupillary examination findings among postanesthesia care unit nurses. J PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 32(3), 219-224. doi:10.1016/j.jopan. 2015.05.117
Pedrotti, A., Mirzaei, M., Tedesco, A., Chardonnet, J., Marienne, F., Benedetto, S., Baccino, T. (2014). Automatic stress classification with pupil diameter analysis. Int J Human-Computer Interaction, 30(3), 220-236. doi:10.1080/10447318.2013.848320
Sepit, D. (2005). Bilinç durumunun değerlendirilmesi ve Glasgow Koma Skalası. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 2(1), 12-16.
Sharma, S., Baskaran, M., Rukmini, A., Nongpiur, M., Htoon, H., Cheng, C., ... & Milea, D. (2016). Factors influencing the pupillary light reflex in healthy individuals. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 254(7), 1353-1359. doi:10.1007/s00417-016-3311-4
Tyukhova, Y., Waters, C. (2018). Subjective and pupil responses to discomfort glare from small, high-luminance light sources. Lighting Research & Technology, 0, 1-20. doi:10.1177/1477153518772000
van Rij, J., Hendriks, P., van Rijn, H., Baayen, R.H., Wood, S.N. (2019). Analyzing the time course of pupillometric data. Trends in Hearing, 23, 1-22. doi:10.1177/2331216519832483
Vinclair, M., Schilte, C., Roudaud, F., Lavolaine, J., Francony, G., Bouzat, P., ... & Payen, J.F. (2019). Using Pupillary Pain Index to assess nociception in sedated critically ill patients. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 129(6), 1540-1546. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004173
Volpe, J. J. (2008). Neurology of the newborn (5th ed.). Elsevier.
Wilhelm, H., & Wilhelm, B. (2005). Clinical features of physiologic anisocoria. J Neuro-Ophthalmol, 25(4), 291-297.
Wright, K. W., & Strube, Y. N. J. (2012). Pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Volume 2, Issue 4, 2025
Page : 92-97
_Footer